Diego Rivera An Artist Essays - Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo

Diego Rivera An Artist DIEGO RIVERA BY ANGEL MENDOZA My artist name is Diego Rivera he is a Mexican painter who produced murals on social themes and who ranks one of my countries greatest artists. He was born in Guanajuato and educated at the San Carlos Academy of Fine Arts , in Mexico City. he studied painting in Europe between 1907 and 1921, becoming familiar with the innovative cubist forms of the French painter Paul Cezanne and Pablo Picasso. In 1921 Riviera returned to Mexico and took a prominent part in revival of mural painting initiated by artists and sponsored by the government . Believing that art should serve the working people and be readily available to them , he concentrated on painting large frescoes, concerning the history and social problems of Mexico, on the walls of public buldings.His works during 1930s included frescoes the Ministry of Educational Mexico City and in the National Agricultural School in Chapingo. Rivera was an active member of the Mexican Communist party , and he painted murals in the National Palace , Mexico City 1929, and the Palace Cortes , Cuernavaca1930 .In 1929 Riviera married Frida Kahlo who is now considered to have been a leading 20th century Mexican painter. I think what I like the most the murals that he painted I liked how he drew the Indian people their faces the scenery , the palace and his style. Riviera's murals are rich in archeological detail and painted in sharply outlined , linear style. Most of them have clear , three dimensional figures in a shallow space , although a deep spatial extension of landscape appears at the top of some works . Rivera also executed easel paintings and portraits and designed and built his Mexico City house , the Anahuacalli, which is now a museum housing the extensive collection of pre-Columbian art that he left for Mexican people . I liked the water colors that Riviera used for the murals and the way he painted the pictures .I imagine take him a long time to draw the murals and paint them and drawing the faces . I have seen his murals in the walls in Mexico City and I really think is very hard to draw the murals and I also have seen in the museums alot of pictures that Riviera has drawn and I was really impressed with all his work. The thing that I liked the most were the murals that he drew and the painting and how he drew the faces of the people and the different colors of skins of the people . I enjoyed learning about Diego Rivera and also because his from my country. Art Essays

buy custom Outsourcing Information Technology essay

buy custom Outsourcing Information Technology essay Outsourcing information technology (IT) services can be the best way, for an organization operating in the banking sector, to achieve quality results while keeping the administrative costs low (Goo, 2010). IT functions that the bank should outsource include development and management of databases, and development of data centers (Bucki, 2011). The IT function of developing databases should be outsourced because the bank has many departments, which deal with data capturing. For instance, in the credit and the customer service departments, the bank may require databases containing information of the legal entities and the physical persons who they deal with. In most cases, first-time customers are issued with printed forms where they fill in their details after which the forms are returned to the banks staffs for processing. Given the huge size of the bank, it can outsource database development and management services to outside service providers. The bank can physically send or fax th e customers forms to the organization where the service has been outsourced. Outsourcing data centre services will assist the bank in processing customers plastic cards. Since the banks size is relatively big, it is likely that its customer base is also huge. Therefore, customers need for plastic cards may be high. The impact of outsourcing the above-mentioned IT services on the banks employees is that, they will be able to concentrate better on the banks core business, which is offering banking services to customers (Bucki, 2011). However, the bank may have to layoff some of the employees: specifically clerical staffs. On the other hand, the impact of outsourcing the aforementioned IT functions on the customers is that, they will have their banking information processed quickly. For instance, while applying for a plastic card, the customer may have the card processed and ready for use in less than 24 hours. In addition, outsourcing database development and management services can enable the customers to have real-time access to their banking information. Buy custom Outsourcing Information Technology essay

Critical factors for successful implementation of ERP systems Research Paper

Critical factors for successful implementation of ERP systems - Research Paper Example Organizations are struggling to integrate new systems, introduce different ways to survive, and acquire the latest strategy possible. Successful system integration efforts provide competitive edge. The Information revolution has spawned numerous technologies geared towards automating the office. Information Systems has created new paradigm shifts in organizational processes. The trend in organizations is implementing Enterprise Resource Planning and Information Systems solutions such as groupware and enterprise applications, for example databases or shared repositories, intranets, workflow, imaging systems, and other customized applications. Technological advancement and continuous innovations have motivated organizations and businesses to react to changes in the global competition. Organizations have to reorganize, reevaluate and reprogram outdated functions and activities, and realign them to the present trends for improvement and competition. Personnel and field people, ordinary employees, including middle-level and top management have to refocus along the line of technological innovations. IT applications provide easy handling of strategic operations and other supervisory and managerial functions of the organization. External and internal environments in organizations are becoming complex; thus they are handled with a globally-oriented brand of management, with the aid of Information Technology. Corporate management is now handling a global-scale brand of management, requiring a different kind of strategy, much distinct from traditional management. Changes in the system demand new ways to integrate functions in the organization. Successful system integration efforts provide competitive edge. Motivations to integrate revolve around technological issues and globalization. Organizations however have limited options, and have to migrate to newer technologies (Mische,

Developing an Integrated SLA Theory Research Paper

Developing an Integrated SLA Theory - Research Paper Example on this theory, Second language acquisition is mainly concerned the process of acquiring a new language other than the inborn language and how the process is affected by other disciplines such as the social-cultural theories. The theory offers a clear reflection from a new perception, on some of the challenges that people face during new language acquisition. It offers some pedagogical suggestions for foreign linguistic teaching. However according to Moore and Kearsly (1996), foreign language educators ought to maintain three types of interactions: learner- content, learner-tutor and learner-learner. According to Krashen’s theory on second language acquisition, comprehensible input and interactions are crucial. Interactions facilitate practice that has the advantage of enhancing the acquisition and fluency of the foreign language. This paper makes attempts to expound Social-Cultural Theory’s paradigms, its influence on second language acquisition and the tutorial sugges tions for foreign language coaching (Vygotsky, 1978). An overview of main second language acquisition theories that reveal that advance of the concepts of comprehensible input, understandable output, and interactions are significant in the second language acquisition. Many theories contain diverse views on the ways of ensuring interactions and the role it plays in the second language acquisition. Krashen’s theory (1985, 1994) has since becoming the most predominant theory in the acquisition of a second language and teaching exercise. According to the theory, SLA is determined by the extent of the compressible input during teaching. It asserts that the one-way contribution in the second language that is not only understandable but also at the level is just beyond the existing language proficiency of learners. The theory asserts that the prediction upon which learners acquire the notions of the second language relays of the method they get and understand the messages. Krashen’s (1994) offers

Thesis paper Outline Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper Outline - Thesis Proposal Example As stated by Barner and Rosenwein, â€Å"[d]emocratic values are in essence participatory values. At the heart of democratic theory is the notion that people should get involved in the process of governing themselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Barner & Rosenwein 1985, 59). Thus far, studies on performance appraisal in public organizations have been focused on fundamental issues such as the nature of these principles, their interpretation and significance, and their evolution and function over time. There has also been agreement among political theorists, such as Jurgen Habermas, on the essence of citizenship participation in democracy, and it has been asserted by Max Weber (as cited in Riccucci 2007) that theory should contribute more to the knowledge of how democratic principles like extensive participation or high involvement develop and evolve in highly industrialized nations, such as the United States. Nevertheless, it is important to mention here that its widespread implementation in the United States throughout the 1960’s and 1970’s was intended primarily to facilitate genuine democratic governance (Graham, Noe, & Branch 2006, 953). Practically, it was designed to promote involvement by minority groups and the poor that have been excluded from the governance and decision-making process. It is due to these issues raised above that the researcher is persuaded to study the relationship between the accountability of, transparency of, and quality of public services in performance-based organizations (PBOs) and citizenship participation in the performance appraisal of public personnel. Which features, if any, of PBOs’ processes are more vital for the enhancement of public personnel performance that reinforces democratic principles of greater citizenship participation? Addressing these questions appropriately may expand our understanding of the function of public organizations in democratic societies. As stated by Pateman, the theory of participatory democracy emphasizes the

Benefits Of Becoming A Famous Sports Person Marketing Essay

Benefits Of Becoming A Famous Sports Person Marketing Essay In our vast world today, sport has become a rapid growing industry which most people regard it as a form on entertainment in their daily life. We live in an urban age where technology is so advance which enables us to watch live broadcasts of any sports we enjoy watching through various sports channels such as ESPN which cater to any sport fanatics needs. Firstly, people enjoy watching and playing sports as they wish to pursue their dreams in becoming a famous sportsperson one day. These enthusiastic sportspeople must persevere with full determination and concentration in excelling in their performance at the sport they have chosen. In my opinion, becoming a famous sportsperson brings many benefits to ones life as an individual would be able to reap special rewards, a countless sum of income, popularity amongst his fans, living an exclusive lifestyle and the ability to give training methods to inspiring athletes in the sports world. 2.0 2.1 Rewards Ive won the competition! It is every famous sports persons dream to be able to say this phrase. It is undeniable that winning in competition are crucial, whether for a famous sports person or an ordinary sports person. Everyone wants to perform well in their competition; the question is, what causes famous sports person work so hard for it? In my opinion, they want to get rewards from branded companies and government. 2.1.1 Sponsorship From Branded Companies A famous sports person usually able to get sponsorships from branded companies. This is because they work really hard and almost win every competition. Examples of branded companies are Nike, Adidas, Puma, Yonex, Carlton and Reebok. Sports persons need a huge amount of money to carry out their daily training, buy their sports equipments and accessories. Without the sponsorships, they will face a lot of obstacles in their sports life. Our famous sports persons Olympic gold medalist and Jamaican Sprinter Usain Bolt, they had just renewed their sponsorship arrangement with Puma until the end of 2013 lately. So Puma became the official supplier of training, performance, footwear and lifestyle apparel for Usain Bolt. Now, Usain Bolt can focus fully in his career without worries. 2.1.2 Government Incentive Besides, government incentive will be provided to the famous sports persons. This is because they have the responsibilities to take part in local, international and global tournaments. For instance, Olympic silver medallist Lee Chong Wei is to be made a Datuk by the Penang Government. In the other hand, Malaysia Government also rewarded a cheque of RM300000 for winning the silver medal at the Olympic Games and a mock cheque for RM3000 as the pension reward. The pension payments are for life. In short, the famous sports persons definitely will get sponsorships from branded companies and government incentive as long as they maintain their excellent performances. Sports persons achieve iconic status instantly with awesome performance and hence are selected by top brands for endorsing their goods. 2.2 Income Sports, apart from being a good way of testing an athletes expertise and skill, are also big money. Today, sports persons achieve iconic status immediately with excellent performance and hence are selected by top branded companies for endorsing their goods. Apart from prize money and salaries, this is also where many famous athletes make most of their money from. This has become a recent occurrence of paying millions of dollars to athletes as income, which makes most famous athletes filthy rich. 2.2.1 Receiving Contract From Exclusive Companies Receiving contracts from exclusive companies is one of the income sources of the famous sports person. The companies will hire the famous athletes for their promotion of merchandise and work as product spokesmen. This advertising effect manages to improve the companies sale. So the companies will not be stingy in spending millions of money for the famous sports person. 2.2.2 Prize Money Lastly, there is thousands of tournaments give away prize money for the winners. Sports person will receive a huge amount of money from winning tournaments held locally and globally. For example, Tiger Woods who has won 65 PGA tour events picked up $41 million in prize money and 14 major golf championships in 2009. Thus, prize money means a lot to sports person as this is one of the income source. In short, we may be in the midst of a global economic recession, however, the worlds top sportsperson are still up to their necks in money. And the cash came from salaries, prize money, licensing income, and endorsements. 2.3 Popularity In our modern world today, it has become a common necessity amongst people especially celebrities to have a good reputation through the form of popularity with the public. This is to ensure that their popularity amongst their fans remains strong as they must maintain their title. Sports celebrities for example require popularity to boost their existence as skilled sports people in the sports world, so that the competitiveness between other sports celebrities remains very intense as each player wants to achieve victory. 2.3.1 Performance In The Sports Firstly, in being a popular sportsperson one must always maintain his performance in the sport he specializes in as his fans would always cheer him on to provide the support he needs during the game. Through this advantage of support, a famous sportsperson must never slack off in his performance and feel arrogant as pride always comes before a fall. For example, Rafael Nadal who is a famous tennis player made a simple job of winning his second Wimbledon mens crown, swatting aside the giant Czech Tomas Berdych who was 6 feet tall to the score of 6-3, 7-5, 6-4 in two hours 13 minutes. During the game, the weather had affected the performance of both players, but it did not lose their determination in winning the game. The support of the crowd had boosted Rafael Nadals moral support as they shouted I love you, Rafa, soon followed by Youre a genius, Rafa. After Rafa Nadal had won the game his opponent Berdych shook his head in despair at the chances he had missed but both players left the court with confidence and comfort. Hence, Rafa Nadal has gained popularity amongst his fans through his outstanding performance in winning the tournament which has boosted his reputation among other famous tennis players. 2.3.2 Exclusive Lifestyle Secondly, popularity in being a famous sportsperson would give the benefits of living a luxurious lifestyle without worrying much financially as he has performed well in the sport whereby sponsors would provide everything he needs. Through popularity a famous sportsperson would also be able to experience exclusive events which are only meant for celebrities which would attract the media for the publics entertainment. For example, the 12th Annual ESPY Awards which was broadcasted on the sports channel called ESPN on Sunday, 18th July at 9 p.m from Hollywoods Kodak Theatre was a huge success. At the awards, many famous celebrities from different working backgrounds such as Samuel L. Jackson, Denzel Washington, Brooke Burke, The Rock and for the athlete presenters LeBron James, Tom Brady, Gary Payton, Terrell Owen and Serena Williams came together to celebrate this event. During the event, Denzel Washington also presented the ESPY Arthur Ashe Courage AwardThe Arthur Ashe Courage Award ( sometimes called the Arthur Ashe Award for Courage or Arthur Ashe for Courage Award) is an award that is part of the ESPY Awards. Although it is a sport-oriented awards, is not limited to sports-related people or actions. .. Click the link for more information.  to UNICEF ambassador and Liberian-born soccer star George Weah. The Annual Awards also acknowledged many top athletes who were ESPY Award nominees such as Walter Ray Williams,Jr. who was born on October 6, 1959 in Eureka, California and is among one of the top ranking professional Ten-pin bowlers in history. Walter Ray also currently holds the record for all time PBA career earnings which is over $4,000,000. Another celebrity sportsperson that was acknowledged was Martin St-Louis who was born on June 18, 1975 in Laval, Quebec, Canada and is a Ice hockey right winger who is French Canadian that has a playing career. Martin is also considered to be a diminutive player by NHL standards at 5 foot 9 at St Louis who has played six NHL seasons during the years of 2006 to 2007 for the Tampa Bay. Lastly the 12th annual ESPY Awards which was presented by Under Armour and GNC, gathered all entertainment and sports celebrities to recognize the top achievements earned by the sports people, salute the best performers and relive memorable moments during the awa rd ceremony. In short, popularity plays a major important role in the success of a famous sportsperson as he would have to strive in his sport with full determination and concentration to achieve victory and gain the support from his fans. 2.4 Rich lifestyle Living a rich lifestyle is everyones dreams. Nowadays we can see on news that most famous sportsperson is living in a rich lifestyle. But how does a rich lifestyle benefits them? 2.4.1 Able To Purchase Luxurious Items The advantage is that these famous sportsperson will be able to purchase luxurious items such as elegant clothes, jewelleries, famous cars, mansions and more. They are able to acquire these things as a result of their hard work and never giving up when they face obstacles. One of the examples of such a sports person is current Real Madrid footballer Cristiano Ronaldo. He is a talented footballer from Portugal at a young age. Although he suffered a sickness during a young age he never gave up his dream of becoming a footballer. When he moved to play for Manchester United in England, it was his most flourishing period. He was voted World Footballer of the Year, he won medals, trophies, honors, and he was used on many product advertisements. From all of that, he earned millions of pound or dollar. He spends all those money on items such as a Ferrari automobile, buys a big mansion at Manchester, go to nightclubs, eats in 8 star restaurants. Besides, he also spends money on women like buy ing them handbags, mobile phones, dresses and so on. 2.4.2 Donation For Charity Besides being able to purchase luxurious items, sometimes these famous sportsperson will donate their earnings to charities. They do things like feed and provide shelter for the poor, and funding for development of education. It is better to do good sometimes then spend all those wealth for themselves. Roger Federer is one such sportsperson that lives a rich lifestyle but still donates some of his earnings to charity. Roger Federer earned $26,464,458 in his 8 years of playing career and founded the Roger Federer Foundation. This foundation aims to assist poor and deprived children. After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, he wanted to influence other tennis players to assist those who are affected by the tsunami. Moreover, he wanted to play as many charity matches as possible because he said that he wanted to help those who are in need. Roger Federer also became the Goodwill Ambassador to UNICEF which aims to help those who are poor or deprived. As we can see, besides being able to purchase luxurious items for themselves, these famous sportsperson will also do charities for the poor and deprived. That is some of the things famous sportsperson who are living in a rich lifestyle can do. Hence, people who wants to be famous and lives in rich lifestyle must have a never give up attitude and work hard to achieve their dream. 2.5 Training Methods The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies as stated in the internet encyclopedia Wikipedia.. Different sportsperson has different training methods in their daily trainings. How can these training methods benefit them? 2.5.1 Improve Their Performance In The Sport To Keep Fit One of the benefits is that most famous sportsperson have to improve their performance so that they will not lose their grip on the sports they are in like running, football, badminton, and other sports as well. What the famous sportsperson can do is that they can hire coaches to train them to have better skill performance in a certain time period, or buy better quality training gears. An example of a famous sportsperson who improves his performance in running by hiring a coach is Ralph Doubell. Before he became famous, he was a nobody; and his running performance was slow. To overcome the problem, he hired a legendary coach who specialized in running to train him, and his name is Franz Stampel. Franz Stampels training methods included mainly repetition and interval running, means getting off slowly before the track season approaches, increasing the intensity as then running competition approaches. This particular training method leads to Ralph Doubells Olympic gold medal in the 800m running during the 1968 Olympic Games and that is how he became famous; from a nobody to a somebody. 2.5.2 Able To Use Their Knowledge In The Sport In addition, from the training methods that these famous sportsperson get to improve their performance in the sport to remain fit, they are able to use their knowledge in the sport to great benefits like giving advice to the public on how to improve their performance in sports. Hence, it would motivate others to become better.To give an example of such a famous sportsperson is tennis star Roger Federer. On 24 May 2010 during the French Open, Roger Federer got interviewed. What he said on the interview was quite inspirational. In the interview, the interviewer ask him if a young player came to see him and asked what is the right motivation for him to have to become a champion, and has Roger Federer lack any motivation during his career. He explained that every player will go through a tough time throughout their career. When these players are young they have tremendous pressure surrounding them and these young players will want to prove their critics wrong so they will lose a little m otivation in the beginning. Besides that, he also said that young players must not give up easily when they are losing a match and must put a 100% into the game so that their opponent will respect them as they will train better like this. So, besides aiming to get their performances improve, famous sportsperson sometimes will also give inspirational talks or interviews to inspire other sportsperson to do better. These are some of the things that famous sportsperson can do to benefit themselves and others too. Everyone must take an example out of these famous sportsperson as they can teach us something we never knew before. Conclusion To conclude famous sports people have more benefits compared to normal sports people. These famous sports people however, do not become famous overnight as they must have the passion to pursue their dreams since young with full determination and concentration in perfecting their skills in the sport they have specialized in. Famous sports people who have made history such as Michael Jordan and Charles Barkley from the NBA (National Basketball Association) have also given motivational quotes to inspiring young athletes by saying You have to expect things of yourself before you can do them by Michael Jordan and I know that Im never as good or bad as any single performance. Ive never believed my critics or my worshippers, and Ive always been able to leave the game at the arena by Charles Barkley. Through this, I believe that anyone can become a famous sportsperson as the hard work you put in pays off with loads of benefits. References Puma Renews Sponsorships with Usain Bolt 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.8264.net/html/Sports_News/International_Sports_Industry/201008/25-9451.html Beijing Olympics : Silver For Malaysia 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://warkah.com/beijing-olympics-silver-for-malaysia/ Highest Paid Athletes 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/highest-paid-athletes.html The 10 highest earning sports stars in the world 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.thesportreview.com/tsr/2009/08/the-10-highest-earning-sports-stars-in-the-world/ Nadal cruises past Berdych to win second title 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://2010.wimbledon.org/en_GB/news/match_reports/2010-07-04/201007041278253424945.html Celebrity Presenter and Athlete Attendees Announced 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Celebrity+Presenters+and+Athlete+Attendees+Announced+for+the+12th-a0118854625 Charity: 10 Generous Sports Personality Who Help Ordinary People 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://techblogbiz.blogspot.com/2006/10/charity-10-generous-sports.html The Training Methods of Three Famous Distance Coaches 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.athleticscoaching.ca/UserFiles/File/Sport%20Science/Theory%20%20Methodology/Endurance/General%20Concepts/TMEGC_Pilone_The_Training_Methods_of_Three_Famous_Distance_Coaches.pdf Roger Federal Interview French Open 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.tennis-x.com/story/2010-05-24/h.php

Eating Disorders Essay -- essays research papers fc

An eating disorder is an illness that involves an unhealthy feeling about the food we eat. â€Å"Eating disorders affect 5-10 millions Americans and 70 million individuals worldwide† (www.eatingdisorderinfo.org 1). They also affect many people from women, men, children, from all ages and different races. People who have eating disorders usually see themselves as being fat when they really aren’t. This usually deals with women or teenage girls mostly. They watch television, movies, read articles in magazines, and see pictures of the celebrities whom they want to be like because they have the â€Å"ideal body† that everyone wants and craves for. The media makes us all think we need those types of bodies to be happy with ourselves, be more successful in life, and be perfect. Starving yourself or eating less amounts of food doesn’t help you get the â€Å"ideal body† that you desire to have. This shows that you lack self-esteem and only want to see what other people see in life. This may impinge on people who are alone and want to get attention and by doing this they want to be thin. There are many different kinds of eating disorders that people are affected with. For example, there is Anorexia Nervosa, which deals with not eating regularly or eats little amounts of food or not eating at all. There is also Bulimia Nervosa, which is when a person eats a large amount of food and then binges or purges after to get rid of the food they just put into the body. Lastly there is the Binge eating disorder. This disorder is when a person keeps a secret from everyone of their excessive eating. â€Å"Women make up more than 90 percent of people with these eating disorders† (www.4woman.gov 1).â€Å"However, young women are most vulnerable, particularly between the ages 15-25 years† (www.edauk.com 1). Women are more likely to be anorexic, because they always see other women with thin bodies and feel pressured to want to be like them. They may be alone or divorced and may need attention so they look for ways to get that attention from people. â€Å"The women suffer with feelings of self-hate, worthlessness, low self-esteem, and they usually feel that in order to be happy, they must be thin† (www.mirror-mirror.org 1). Women in the business industry feel they don’t get enough attention from people so in order to heighten their career, they put themselves out there to have the perfect body to get people’s att... ... illness. If you do not seek help you can damage your body, cause major health problems, and even death. But if you do seek help, you can increasingly build up your self-esteem that helps cope with the illness. Bibliography #1 - Thompson, Colleen. Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #2 - Thompson, Colleen. Children. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #3 - Thompson, Colleen. Women. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #4 - Thompson, Colleen. Binge Eating Disorder. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #5 - Thompson, Colleen. Anorexia Nervosa. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #6 - Thompson, Colleen. Bulimia Nervosa. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #7 - Hendrick, Victoria Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer July 2002 #8 - Spearing, Melissa. Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer. August 6, 2002 #9 – Anonymous. EDA. What is an Eating Disorder? Internet Explorer. March 31, 2004 #10 – Anonymous. Eating Disorders Statistics. Internet Explorer. http://www.eatingdisorderinfo.org #11 - Harmon, Dan. Anorexia Nervosa Starving for Attention. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers 1999 #12 - Nardo, Dan. Eating Disorders. San Diego, California: Lucent Books, Inc. 1991

Development as a second language teacher

Teaching a second language means teaching a language to learners who are not originally natives to that language. This form of instruction can either be carried out in the learner’s own nation either within the public school system or privately for instance in a part time language school or with a private tutor. The teachers can either be native or non-native speakers of the language. Teaching techniques Reading There is an increasing popularity in teaching that uses literature targeting the young children and teenagers.Teenager oriented literature provides simpler resources especially the reading material printed by major publishers and mostly gives a more comprehensive method than the one found in the adult literature (Tarone et al, 2009). Communicative language teaching Communicative language (CLT) concentrates on interaction as both a technique and an objective of learning a second language. The method is also described as the communicative approach to the instruction of f oreign languages or the communicative method.CLT is often found to be a response to the audio-lingual method (ALM) and a complementation or advancement of the notional-functional syllabus (Tarone et al, 2009). Blended learning Blended learning is an arrangement that incorporates both classroom teaching and online interactions and is also called CALL or computer-guided language learning which is realized through a virtual learning environment. Input and input processing Input and input processing are major components of developing a second language or second language acquisition.The term input describes all the information that the learner actually processes from the information offered to them. It is not possible to acquire second language without input and input processing. Acquisition models vary in the kind of input which is found to be the most significant factor to second language acquisition. Induction models view acquisition as a product from informal message-centered input w hile instructional models view formal instruction as a significant component of second language acquisition.Any of the acquisition models recognizes the direct relationship between language input which the students are exposed to and the language output they deliver. When input is offered by interaction in natural environment learners concentrate majorly on trying to comprehend and produce a message and end up acquiring the second language as a coincidence. Conversely, if learners emphasize on the language itself, they pick the language intentionally. The above analysis of input however suggests that input is always available to the learners whether in their conscious state or otherwise.Though the intention to learn is not vital to the learning process, attention to the input is essential to begin processing the input in order to acquire or develop the second language (Tarone et al, 2009). Social cultural perspective in language learning A social cultural viewpoint in language learn ing is based on theoretical assumptions and empirical investigation of learning acquired from different fields including human development, linguistic anthropology and social theory.According to this viewpoint, language development starts with an individual’s social world which encompasses a diverse mix of regularly appearing goal-oriented intellectual as well as practical activities. Through the learner’s direct involvement in the activities as well as transformations in the learner’s life, the structural components of language are acquired together with communicative intentions and particular perspectives of the language. It is though ultimate internalization of self-regulation of the particular methods of achievement of success in the activities that characterizes growth in language acquisition.From this view point, learning is regarded as the process of altering the patterns of participating in particular social practices among the communities as opposed to internal assimilation of structural features of language structures. Since schools are significant social setups, the activities constituting their classrooms are regarded as fundamental sites of learning a second language (Tarone et al, 2009). Classroom interaction Classroom interaction is a method in which learning is achieved in classrooms.In language classrooms, interaction assumes a significant role in language acquisition in that it’s both a medium of language acquisition as well as an object of educational attention. By interacting with each other, learners and teachers form a common body of knowledge. They also establish mutual understanding of their functions and relationships and the values and anticipations of their participation as members in the classrooms. This implies that through interactions, learners and teachers socialize into specific understanding of what constitutes the formal curriculum.The forms of interactions also assist in describing the values by w hich individual learners achieve their targets (Duff, 2000). Peer-to-peer dialogue in language acquisition In mutual dialogue, learners share ideas to solve linguistic challenges and/or construct language or ay information about language. Language mediates this activity as cognitive equipment to process and control meaning formulation and also as a social equipment to convey information to others. This implies that any word spoken can be viewed as both a process as well as a product.Peer-to-peer dialogue is important in all the four skills acquired in second language development, that is, reading, writing, speaking as well as listening. Peer-to-peer dialogue can thus be considered as a mediator to second language learning (Oxford, 1993). Value of reflection and reflective teaching Reflection or critical reflection describes an activity or procedure whereby an experience is remembered, considered and assessed normally in regard to a wider purpose.It is a reaction to past experiences and entails conscious recall and assessment of the experience as a basis for valuation and decision making and a directive for planning and plan execution. Reflective teaching has various approaches which include study of oneself and others, group teaching and exploring ones perspective of instructing through writing. In spite of the approach chosen, three parts that are a component of the method include: the event, recollection of the event and review and reaction to the event (Abbott, 2000). Errors and error correctionLearning of a second language involves Errors and error correction. Error analysts differentiate between errors, which are logical, and mistakes, which are not. They are concerned with identification of errors in the acquisition of second languages. An error can be categorized as a basic error, covert errors, overt errors or domain. They can also be classified on the basis of the level of the language. The classification of an error is very important since its correc tion is possible if it is positively identified (Corder, 2001). Qualities of a good second language teacherA good second language teacher is a pre-requisite to the learning of a second language. A good and qualified teacher will motivate the learners by making the lessons more interesting and educational. A good second language teacher should have the appropriate qualification and education. For instance, it is not obvious that a person whose native language is English is necessarily capable of teaching English. Teaching the language requires special training to equip the tutor with the necessary skills appropriate for teaching the language.Qualified tutors should have a firm knowledge of linguistics, language skills and the modern teaching methodologies and theories. The tutors should consistently keep themselves updated, for instance, by extensive or wide reading and participating in language conferences (Tarone & Swierzbin, 2009). Dedication and sense of humor A good second langu age teacher should have a passion for teaching and should be dedicated to the teaching career. The tutor should teach with the intention of making a difference in the learner and assist them to learn.A good second language teacher should not be solely be motivated by money but should have the inner motivation to teach and help. Motivation by money would imply that the tutor is more interested with acquiring money rather than the needs of the learners. The teacher should possess a good sense of humor. Such a teacher will be able to make the learning enjoyable and fun (Tarone & Swierzbin, 2009) Four skills in second language acquisition Listening Listening is the language skill which students mostly find the most difficult to comprehend. This is as a result of the students’ feeling that they not compelled to learn every word.To realize their objectives in relation to this skill, the tutor plays a significant role that is described by the following steps: first, it is necessary to assist all the learners prepare for the listening task properly before the text is introduced to them. It is therefore necessary for the tutor to make certain that the learners comprehend the language they require to finish the task and are fully informed of their expectations in the course. The learners need to be reassured that it is not necessary that they comprehend every word but most of the words especially the common ones.The next significant step is to encourage the learners to anticipate the words they would hear. In real life, the condition, the speaker, and the image clues all assist everyone to decipher oral messages (Duff, 2000). Speaking In teaching the speaking skill, the tutor must take into consideration that the language input used in the instructional process is higher than the level of the language production anticipated from the learners. Learners especially those in primary schools should be exposed to several speaking activities to enable them participate w ith little verbal response.At higher levels however, learners are motivated to start to manipulate language and convey themselves in a clearer and more personal means. In the primary school for instance, the two major speaking activities utilized are: songs, chants, and poems to encourage learners to imitate the model they hear on the cassette. Other activities are the game and pair work activities which should at all times emphasize on a particular model. These motivate the learners to start to manipulate the language by exposing them to certain amount of choice, although within a supposedly controlled situation (Duff, 2000).Reading In order to make reading a relaxed and interesting activity as opposed to a boring and tedious duty, it is significant to ensure that the learners do not struggle to read every word they come across, whether they are skimming for the wording for general meaning or scanning it to look for particular information. At this point, the teachers should select texts while considering the difficulty level. They should also consider the interest of the learners as well as their humor so that the learners are encouraged to read as they would do with their native language.The selected texts should be motivating enough to keep the learners entertained as well anxious to read and learn more of the language. As far as the listening activities are concerned, it is significant to invest more time preparing for the tasks by utilizing illustrations (Duff, 2000). Writing In the lower levels, EFL learners progress from writing secluded words and phrases, to short paragraphs about some specific topics or very common topics like family, home, and hobbies and friends. Since most of the learners at this level are unable to either linguistically or intellectually create written text from the start.The writing activities mainly show towards the end of a course to enable the learners have adequate exposure to the language and practice of the major structures and vocabulary they require. At this point, the learners work will invariably contain errors. The teacher should be more sensitive in the correction process and not focus much on every error that is identified. A piece of written work that is full of correction work is de-motivating and usually counter-productive. In as much as possible the learners should be encouraged to make corrections in their own work (Duff, 2000).Difficulties to the learners Language instructing practice often presumes that most of the difficulties that students encounter while learning the language are as a result of the level to which their native language varies from the second language.. An indigenous speaker of Chinese may for instance encounter more difficulties than an indigenous speaker of German, because German is closely related to English more than Chinese is. This may also apply to individuals of any first language intending to study any other language.Language learners commonly make mistakes esp ecially syntax and pronunciation mistakes due to the influence of their first language like mapping its grammatical structure inappropriately onto the second language, pronouncing certain sounds wrongly or with difficulty and confusing certain aspects of the vocabulary, referred to as false friends. This is known as first language transfer or language interference (Richards & Renandya, 2002). Conclusion A good second language instructor is a significant factor when learners are studying a second language.It has generally been agreed that great tutors are those that still recall what it was to be a learner and treat the learners as equals. When teaching a second language, the tutor must establish an open, free and close relationship with each of the learners and motivate the quieter ones or the slow ones to gather enough confident and courage. The teacher should have enough patience and appreciation and an understanding that everyone can make mistakes. Being in a position to teach a second language is the most rewarding job since it involves assisting learners to advance and communicate abroad (Richards & Renandya, 2002). References Abbott, M. (2000). Identifying reliable generalizations for spelling words: The importance of   Ã‚   multilevel analysis. The Elementary School Journal 101(2), 233-245 Corder, S. P. (2001). The significance of learners' errors. International Review of Applied   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Linguistics, 5, 160-170. Duff, P. (2000). Repetition in foreign language classroom interaction. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Oxford, R. (1993).Research on second language learning strategies. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 13:175-187 Richards, J. C. & Renandya, W. A. (2002). Methodology in language teaching: an anthology of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   current practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Tarone, E., Bigelow, M. & Hansen, K. (2009). Literacy and Second Language Oracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press Tarone, E., & Swierzbin, B. (2009). Exploring Learner Language. Oxford: Oxford University    Press

The Invention of M Ms Candies

The Invention of M Ms Candies M Ms chocolate candies are one of the most famous treats in the world, the most popular movie treat next to popcorn, and the most consumed Halloween treat in America.   The well-known slogan by which M Ms are marketed - The milk chocolate melts in your mouth, not in your hand - is very likely a key to the candys success, and its origins date back to the 1930s and the Spanish Civil War.   Forest Mars Sees an Opportunity Forest Mars, Sr. was already part of a family-owned candy company in conjunction with his father, having introduced the Milky Way candy bar in 1923. However, father and son disagreed on plans to expand  to Europe, and in the early 1930s, estranged from his father, Forest moved to Europe, where he saw British soldiers fighting in the Spanish Civil War eating Smarties candies - chocolate candies with a hard shell, which were popular with soldiers because they were less messy that pure chocolate candies. M MCandies Are Born Upon returning to the United States, Forest Mars began his  own company, Food Products Manufacturing, where he developed, among other things, Uncle Bens Rice and Pedigree Pet Foods. In 1940 he began a partnership with Bruce Murrie (the other M) and in 1941 the two men patented M M candies. The treats were initially sold in cardboard tubes, but by 1948 the packaging changed to the plastic pouch we know today.   The enterprise was a rousing success, and in 1954, peanut M Ms were developed - an ironic innovation, since Forest Mars was deathly allergic to peanuts. In this same year, the company trademarked the familiar Melts in Your Mouth, Not in Your Hand slogan.   Forest Mars Later Life Although Murrie soon left the company, Forest Mars continue to thrive as a businessman, and when his father died, he took over the family business, Mars, Inc, and merged it with his own company. He continued to run the company until 1973 when he retired and turned the company over to his children. In retirement, he started yet another company, Ethel M. Chocolates, named after his mother. That company continues to thrive today as a maker of premier chocolates. Upon his death at age 95 in Miami, Florida, Forest Mars was one of the wealthiest men in the country, having compiled a fortune estimated at $4 billion. Mars, Inc. Continues to Thrive The company begun by the Mars family continues to be a premier food manufacturing corporation, with dozens of manufacturing plants in the U.S. and overseas. A great many name-recognized brands are part of its portfolio, not only candy brands, but also pet foods, chewing gum, and other consumables. Among the brands you may not have realized were related to M M candies and that live under the Mars umbrella include:   Three MusketeersSnickersStarburstSkittlesBountyDoveUncle Bens  Seeds of ChangeKudosBig RedDoublemintFreemintAltoidHubba BubbaJuicy FruitLifesaversWrigleysIamsCesarMy DogWhiskasPedigreeEukanuba

Improving Service Quality

Improving Service Quality Introduction The quality of services that employees offer in a restaurant is as important as the meals served. According to Shaikh and Khan (2011, p. 343), the restaurant industry is continuously evolving and growing more complicated. They argued that a restaurant must include ‘service associated features to satisfy the complementary needs of its customers’ (343).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Service Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They further noted that satisfaction of customers is taking a new trend of being associated with quality of service. Customers are increasingly becoming conscious of their surrounding when in restaurants. According to Markovic, Raspor and Segaric (2010, p. 181), restaurants have continuously been pushed to offer excellent dining experiences to their customers. These experiences constitute the tangibles as well as the intangibles. The intangibles are of a particular concern as their improvement requires considerable attention unlike the tangibles. It has been noted that the intangibles have a great effect on the financial viability of a restaurant on a long term basis. Due to the stiff competition in the restaurant industry, offering of quality services therefore is not an option but a way of being competitive. In regard to the above briefing, this report examines the tools that can be used in improving the level of service quality of a nation-wide restaurant chain. Two instruments are discussed and it is shown how they will be instrumental in improving the quality of service of the nation-wide restaurant chain. Improving Quality of Service In order to improve the quality of services given, it is prudent that the reference points of various stakeholders involved are known. In the context of this report, the main stakeholders in reference to quality of service offered are the staff and the customers. It will be mandatory to be aware o f what the customers expect and then make the correct adjustment to fulfil their expectations otherwise improvements cannot be effectively made if the deficit areas are not known. The instrument which best does this is the DINESERV instrument.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It has been noted that when customers are satisfied as per their expectations, they become frequent customers. Such satisfied customers also refer other customers, mostly friends and family members, to the business (Wu Liang 2009, p. 587). By using the DINESERV tool, it will be possible to know how huge the gap is and consequently remedial measures will be taken. DINESERV Instrument This instrument was developed specifically for restaurant industry by Stevens, Knutson and Patton in 1995. It is basically a SERVQUAL instrument but modified such that it specifically addresses the restaurant indus try (Kim, Nee Kim 2009, p. 10). DINESERVE is a tool that measures the quality of service from the perspective of a customer (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010 p. 183). Understanding how a customer defines quality service is very important because it is his/her perceptions that will make him/her come back to the restaurant again. By using this instrument, it will be possible to get the position of the customers in regard to the service quality offered by the restaurant. Taking into consideration that the restaurant in question is not an international business which might be servicing people of diverse cultures, a sample of the restaurants should, to a good degree, shed some green light on the nation-wide customer expectations. Why this instrument is chosen is because it helps to show where a restaurant is and where it should be in terms of quality of services offered, that is, ‘it measures consumers’ expectations and perceptions of services received† (Markovic, Raspo r Segaric 2010, p. 183). This instrument touches on five dimensions that consumers use when evaluating the quality of a service given. These five dimensions are ‘tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 183). In the following sections, it will be shown how these dimensions can be used to improve the quality of service in the chain restaurant in question. Tangibles In a restaurant, the physical facilities which include the furniture and the appearance of personnel constitute the tangibles. It also encompasses the physical design and general cleanliness (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Service Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good physical design and a good internal arrangement enhance the dining experience that a customer experiences therefore helping greatly in the satisfaction of the customer. Things like lighting and music have also been associated with the internal structure and are said to greatly affect the satisfaction of consumers. The consumer factors have also been said to have an influence on the satisfaction of consumers. Consumer-consumer interaction may be viewed favourably when it facilitates social interaction. However, some consumer behaviours such as smoking or talking loudly may be viewed to be offensive (Wu Liang 2009, p. 587). Reliability Reliability in the context of service industry is defined as ‘the ability to perform the promised services independently and accurately’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184) and, specifically, in the restaurant industry it is the ‘freshness and temperature of the food, accurate billing and receiving ordered food’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184). The temperature of the food and how fresh it is have been found to influence customer satisfaction. According to Andaleeb and Conway (2006 p. 5), these two affect the quality and taste of food served and therefore greatly determines whether a customer enjoys the meal or not. Price also matters in this context, it has been observed that when the price is not reflective of the quality of food, customers feel they are being taken for granted. For instance, a very high price is an indicator of a high quality therefore if low quality is offered then customers will have the impression that they are being ripped off (Andaleeb Conway 2006). This is likely to annoy customers and might be viewed as one of the fastest way of sending away customers. Responsiveness Responsiveness is viewed as the willingness and readiness of the staff to help the customers promptly. In the context of the restaurant industry, it is associated with ‘staff assistance with the menu or wine list or appropriate and prompt response to customers’ needs and requests’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed studies carried out have shown that more responsive services enhance the satisfaction of customers (Andaleeb Conway 2006). It has been shown that customers are happy with servers who understand their needs and address them accordingly. In the context of this report, responsiveness can be achieved by training the customer-contact employees particularly the servers and waiters on how to handle customers with courtesy. These employees are more in contact with the customers therefore they tend to be the image of the restaurant in the eyes of the customers. It would therefore be wise to invest in these front people such that they present a cutting edge image of the restaurant to the customers. Assurance This has to do with the knowledge and courtesy of the staff members. It also has to do with their ability to convey trust and confidence (Markovic, Raspor Segaric, 2010, p. 184). When applied in the context of restaurant industry, assurance implies that customers ‘trust the recommendations of staff, feel confident that food is free from contamination and be able to say any concern without fear’ (Markovic, Raspor Segaric 2010, p. 184). Empathy This is viewed as the ability to offer services which are customized and which make the customers feel cared for or special (Alroub, Alsaleem Daoud 2012). Action Plan Five dimensions of quality service have been discussed above. It is very important that these areas are well addressed in order to create and sustain a good restaurant image before the eyes of the customers. In regard to this report, the director should plan for the training of the restaurant staff in order to ensure they adequately meet the expectations of the customers in regard to the above five dimensions of customer services. According to Irfan, Mohsin and Yousaf (2009 p. 1222), training in service quality becomes successful when there is a commitment of all employees, senior and junior, to the objectives of the training exercise. In r egard to the nation-wide restaurant chain, which is the subject of this report, this commitment will be achieved by carrying out an internal marketing campaign which will address the grievances of the employees. It will also be ensured that the employees understand the need and significance of offering quality services to the customers. The training exercise will be carried out after the DINESERV instrument has been administered in order to get a picture of how the customers view the nation-wide restaurant chain. The action of training the employees will basically be viewed as a way of investing in the employees for the good of the restaurant. The following subsections give more details on how it will be carried out. Customer-contact Employees The customer contact employees are very important, as already noted above, in creating a good image of the restaurant in the eyes of the customers. Those involved in this category are the waiters, servers, and those who welcome the customer in to the restaurant. Depending on the findings of DINESERV, which would have been obtained by the time the training exercise will kick off, these employees will basically be trained on how to interact with the customers. Basically, the training will be customized to ensure that the deficits which would have been exposed by the DINESERV instrument are addressed. In addition to that it will be ensured that the employees are sharpened into becoming reliable. Andaleeb and Conway (2006) stated that ensuring that customers get the correct food they order is being reliable. Waiters and servers therefore will be reminded that they cannot make such mistakes as taking the wrong food, or serving food when it is of the wrong temperature or size. Customer-contact employees will also be reminded and trained to be responsive to the customers through such simple gestures as maintaining eye contact when a customer is talking. The waiters will be required to maintain a good knowledge of all the food th ey serve such that they readily offer extra information to the customers in case a customer asks for the same. In this manner, the customers will feel assured of the restaurant services when they readily get answered well by the waiters. The waiters will also be in charge of ensuring that customer-customer interaction is a positive one. Customers who behave in manners that may annoy other customers will have to be kindly requested to mind the welfare of others. There will be a need to ensure that when waiters request customers who might be behaving in rowdy manners to calm themselves, they will have to do that in very polite ways. Chefs Chefs play a very huge role in enhancing a dining experience for customers. It has already been pointed above that freshness and temperature of the food are big factors in satisfying customers’ expectations. The taste of the food and its quality also matters a lot especially when such food is highly priced. The training of the chefs will there fore go a long way in ensuring that the price and quality of food are reconciled such that the customers do not feel ripped off. The chefs are also significant in ensuring that what is promised on the menu is what gets served. In this manner, the nation-wide restaurant chain will earn itself a good image for delivering on its promises. Internal designer There is a need to introduce an internal designer in the human resource department. Physical outlook, both the external and internal, enhances the experience that a customer has in a restaurant. The internal designing forms part of the tangible dimension of service quality as per the DINESERV instrument. An internal designer will be in charge of redesigning the internal arrangement of the chain restaurant to make it more appealing. This internal physical restructuring may include changing the lighting systems and sitting arrangement including the type of furniture in use. Restaurant Managers The restaurant managers will be very cruci al in ensuring that quality is maintained. A restaurant manager will be allowed to make changes in the operations of a branch restaurant as long as such a move can be substantiated to increase the quality of service that is provided by the branch. The manager should also be charged with determining the priority of the quality dimensions as illustrated by DINESERV tool. According to Shaikh and Khan (2011 p. 354), different people may have different perception on which quality dimension is most important. The restaurant in question with regard to this report is a nation-wide chain therefore implying the possibility of different customers in different parts of the nation having different perceptions. Internal Marketing Apart from undertaking training based on the findings of DINESERV, another tool that may also be very fruitful in enhancing the quality of service offered by the chain restaurant is Internal Marketing. Internal marketing focuses on the internal customers with the aim of benefiting the external customers. It has been shown that internal marketing helps employees of an organization to be more committed (Esfahan, Taleghani Rajaee 2006). Internal marketing takes two aspects: customer-focused and employee-focused. Customer-focused aspect views ‘all employees of the organization as de facto marketers’ (Kale 2006, p. 3). In this regard, whenever there is an interaction between the service employees and customers, business is created, sustained or broken depending on how the customers perceive the interaction (Kale 2006, p. 3). On the other hand, the employee-focused aspect aims at promoting a company to the employees. In general, internal marketing aims at ensuring that employees are satisfied working in an organization. With satisfaction, employees are more likely to be market oriented in offering their services. The effect of this orientation is creation of a positive organizational image (Chen Hsieh 2009). Internal marketing also reduces the rate of turnover. High rates of turnover can be very costly to a restaurant as it implies that new employees have to undergo training to ensure that the quality of service provided is not compromised. By engaging in aggressive internal marketing, employee turnover can be greatly reduced (Chang Chang 2008). Conclusion The service industry is continuously growing competitive. This is especially true for the hotel industry. Customer tastes and preferences keep on changing everyday and this has made this industry quite complicated. Unlike in the past, customers in the present time are looking for comprehensive services of high quality. In the restaurant industry, it has been observed that customer satisfaction is obtained when a great dining experience is created. This experience takes more than just the taste of a great meal. It includes the physical surrounding and the nature of people around both the employees and fellow customers. This report suggested that DINESERV instrument should be used to find the position of the restaurant in question and then use the gap indentified to make some improvements on the dimensions of quality services. Internal marketing was also proposed as an ideal way of ensuring the employees are motivated and committed to the restaurant. This was shown to greatly reduce the costs of training and as well ensure that the quality of service offered is not comprised. References Alroub, AS, Alsaleem, AM Daoud, AA 2012, ‘Service Quality and its Impact on Customer Satisfaction Tourist Restaurants’, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 364-379. Andaleeb, SS Conway, C 2006, ‘Customer Satisfaction in the restaurant industry: an examination of the transaction-specific model’, The Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 3-11. Chang, C Chang W ‘Internal Marketing Practices and Employees’ Turnover Intentions in Tourism and Leisure Hotels’, The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 161-172. Chen, Y Hsieh, T 2009, ‘Study on Relationship among International Customer Orientation, Market Orientation and Organization Performance of Theme Restaurant’, The Journal of International management Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 165-175. Esfahan, MR, Taleghani, M Rajaee, MB 2013, ‘The Effect of Internal Marketing on Outcomes and Factors Organizational Commitment (Case Study: Hotels in Esfahan)’, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 429-435. Irfan, SM, Mohsin, M Yousaf, I 2009, ‘Achieving Service through its Valuable Human Resources: An Empirical Study of Banking Sector of Pakistan’, World Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1222-1230. Kale, SH 2006, ‘Internal Marketing: An Antidote for Macau’s labor Shortage’, UNLV Gaming Research Review Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-12. Kim, WG, Nee, YC Kim, Y 2009, â⠂¬ËœInfluence of institutional DINESERV on customer satisfaction, return intention, and word-of mouth’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 10-17. Markovic, S, Raspor, S Segaric, K 2010, ‘Does Restaurant Performance meet Customers’ Expectations? AN Assessment of Restaurant Service Quality using a Modified DINESERV Approach’, Tourism and Hospitality Management, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 181-195. Shaikh, AA Khan, NR 2011, ‘Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from the Restaurant Industry in Pakistan’, Management Marketing, vol. IX, no. 2, pp. 343-355. Wu, CH Liang, R 2009, ‘Effect of experiential value on customer satisfaction with service encounters in luxury-hotel restaurants’, International Journal of Hospitality management, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 586-593.

Sales Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sales Management - Essay Example The examples can be a deafening silence, beautiful ugly, constant variable etc. The use of oxymoron for sales ethics puts forward the meaning that sales and ethics are two opposite concepts. To explore this in detail, the phrase sales ethics is an oxymoron means that in sales there is no place for ethics. The sales persons cannot be ethical if they have to get their work done properly. The sales force has to maneuver facts, figures and details in order to sell their product and beat competition. The corporate race these days compels the companies and their sales representatives to speak positive about their product and make it appear larger than life in order to attract customer attention. In this era of increasing prices, fierce competition, the firms cannot add too much value to their products but are compelled to show a luring picture so that their sales graphs go up. These days it is all about graphs number and profits, goodwill, loyalty has taken a back seat. Having mentioned th e above general perception regarding sales and ethics, let us validate and form an opinion based on concepts and analysis. For centuries the great writers and philosophers have been trying to come up with the definition of ethics. The word ethics is a complex concept and its complexity is derived from the lack of a universal definition. Ethics is different for different people, what I believe to be ethical may be unethical for someone and vice versa. â€Å"Ethics, in fact, is all about fairness and equity, and a fine balancing act, the balancing treatment of the two parties involved, sharing of benefits and losses, and sharing of the good and bad consequences or misery imposed by calamities, natural events etc.† (Madhavan 2008, 4) The field of ethics is very subjective; it is a personalized value system and judgment that varies from person to person. It deals with a person’s emotional values along with the logical benchmark; anything below that line of ethics is unethi cal and wrong. But the fine line between being ethical and unethical has blurred over the years. More and more firms are entering into marketing gimmicks and tricks and trade of the sales games and calling it ethical because of its commonality. Having talked about personal or individual ethics let us now explore business ethics. In any organization the value and opinions are formed by the people working in it. How well an organization carries out its value and conveys it to its customers depends upon the conduct of its employees. â€Å"Business ethics is the study of business situation, activities, and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed.† (Crane and Matten 2007, 5) The firms need to establish a morally right and wrong criteria as an ethical value system in the organization. Every individual in the organization should work towards the good of the organization and individual selfish gains should be avoided for the firm and society to prosper in an ethical m anner. However, the real world of business posses several ethical confusions and issues to the sales force putting them into an ethical dilemma.†Anyone who wants to succeed in sales should be aware of the ethical issues that can arise. For a number of reasons, activities related to sales seem to have a greater frequency and level of ethical issues.†

The Positive & Negative Effects of Labor Unions on the United States Research Paper

The Positive & Negative Effects of Labor Unions on the United States Economy - Research Paper Example Households that have current union members positively view labor unions as having positive effects on American economy than those with former union members and those who have never been union members. People in different income levels observe that unions have positive effects on members’ benefits, working conditions and salary. On the other hand, the bureau for statistics for US says that households in current unions also believe that unions have a positive impact in workplace and US economy. 48% of union household members agree to this, while 34% of the former union members oppose it. In the US, workers who are members of unions receive more benefits at the cost of those who have no unions. However, it has been discovered that unions are fighting for the rights of member workers, but at the same time trying to reap large bundles of their own benefits. The worst problem is that this reduces the competitiveness of US companies in global markets and consequently the economy (Thomas, John, & Valletta, 2004). The authors further state that the benefits of union workers are derived from bargaining power of the union, monopoly, and the face of collective voice. It is clearly evident that labor unions are mainly good for US workers as opposed to the competitiveness of the economy. A research presented by Bureau of Statistics for US in 2009 shows that the rating in favor of labor unions is 45% and though at a low level, it is an expression of a positive view. The rating for business corporations is 47% which also indicates a favorable impression; drop is about a historic low. The expression of American view of labor union’s effects on wages and working conditions are mixed. 53% of them believe that they positively affect union workers’ benefits and salaries, while 17% argue that they have negative effects. The table below shows the declining